ASTM A109 Standard- Based on the Latest Version Available

In today’s industrial manufacturing field, the compliance and application of material standards are the cornerstones to ensure product quality and safety. Especially in the steel industry, steels of different standards are widely used in construction, machinery, electronics, medical and other fields. A109 standard, this standard is a technical specification for cold-rolled carbon steel strip formulated by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Cold-rolled carbon steel pipes have excellent mechanical properties and processing adaptability, so they are widely used in automobile manufacturing, home appliances, furniture and other industries. By analyzing the chemical composition, ASTM A109 material properties, surface treatment, edge state and dimensional requirements involved in the ASTM A109 standard, a reference guide is provided for relevant practitioners. Let us unveil the mystery of the ASTM A109 standard, deeply understand the details of its specifications, and contribute to improving the overall level of industrial manufacturing.

ASTM A109 Specification

ASTM A109/A109M standard specification- based on the latest version available

This article covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils with tighter tolerances than cold-rolled carbon steel plate, with specific temper, edge, or surface treatments
Maximum carbon content: not more than 0.25%
Process: flat furnace, oxygen converter or electric furnace process production
Width: greater than 1/2 inch to 2315/16 inch (12.5 mm to 600 mm)
Thickness: 0.300 inches and under (7.6 mm and under)
Thickness tolerance:
- Width 12.5–38.1mm: +0.025mm
- Width 38.1–63.5mm: +0.051mm
- Width 63.5–127mm: +0.076mm
- Width 127–254mm: +0.102mm
- Width 254–381mm: +0.127mm
- Width 381–600mm: +0.152mm
Width tolerance: No specific requirement

ASTM A109 Chemical Composition Chart

ASTM A109 is more than just a standard; the performance characteristics and chemical composition of ASTM A109 materials are highly correlated. Its carbon content ensures material hardness and wear resistance. Manganese and silicon elements guarantee stable welding performance in high-temperature environments, reducing the likelihood of corrosion and rusting in humid conditions. This is why ASTM A109 is a preferred choice—it significantly reduces maintenance costs.

The manufacturer shall analyze each heat of the steel to determine the percentages of the elements shown in the chart below.
This analysis shall conform to the requirements shown in the chart below.

Composition-Wt %
Element	Temper No.	Temper No.
Element	1,2,3	4,5
Carbon, max	0.25	0.15
Manganese, max	0.90	0.60
Phosphorous, max	0.025	0.025
Sulfur, max	0.025	0.025
Silicon A	…	…
Aluminum A,B	…	…
Copper C	0.20	0.20
Nickel,max D	0.20	0.20
Chromium,max D,E	0.15	0.15
Molybdenum,maxD	0.06	0.06
Vanadium F	…	…
Columbium F	…	…
Titanium F	…	…
A. Where ellipses (…) appear in this table, there is no requirement, but the analysis shall be reported unless otherwise specified in this specification. B. The analysis shall be reported. When killed steel is specified and aluminum is the deoxidizing element, the minimum value is 0.02% and the analysis shall be reported. C. When copper steel is specified, the copper content limit specified is the minimum requirement. When copper steel is not specified, the copper content limit is the maximum requirement. D. The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum in thermal analysis shall not exceed 0.50%. When one or more of these elements is specified, the sum requirement does not apply; in this case, only the individual limits for the remaining elements apply. E. When the carbon content is less than or equal to 0.05%, the manufacturer may elect to specify a maximum chromium content of 0.25%. In this case, the limits for the sum of the four elements in Note D do not apply. F. When any of these elements exceeds 0.008%, the analysis shall be reported

Tempering Test Requirements

Cold rolled carbon steel strip of specified temper grades shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirements shown in the chart below.

INCH-POUND UNITS
Temper	Thickness, in.		Thickness, in.
Temper	Under	Through	Minimum	Maximum(approx.)
No.1(hard)	0.025 0.040 0.070 0.300	… 0.025 0.040 0.070	15T90 30T76 B90.0 B84.0	… … … …
No.2(half-hard)	0.025 0.040 0.300	… 0.025 0.040		15T88.5 30T73.5 B85
No.3(quarter-hard)	0.025 0.040 0.300	… 0.025 0.040	… … …	15T85 30T67 B75
No. 4(skin-rolled)	0.025 0.040 0.300	… 0.025 0.040	… … …	15T82 30T60 B65
No. 5(dead-soft)	0.025 0.040 0.300	… 0.025 0.040	… … …	15T78.5 30T53 B55

ASTM A109 Edge Type

No. 1 edge: has a precise profile (round or square), suitable for edge conditions that require very precise width or plating. This edge is often used in applications that require high precision, such as electronic components, medical devices, etc.
No. 2 edge: the natural edge formed by cold rolling of hot-rolled strip steel, without additional processing. This edge is often used in applications that do not require high precision, such as building materials, mechanical parts, etc.
No. 3 edge: the approximate square edge formed by trimming, the burr is not eliminated, and the location of the burr cannot necessarily be determined by conventional winding or stacking. This edge is often used in applications that do not require high precision, such as packaging materials, paper, etc.
No. 4 edge: the round edge formed by the natural edge of hot-rolled steel strip or longitudinally cut steel strip through rolling, suitable for situations where width tolerance and edge conditions are not so strict. This edge is often used in applications that require a certain degree of precision, but do not require very high precision, such as mechanical parts, automotive parts, etc.
No. 5 edge: the approximate square edge made of trimming material, the burr is usually eliminated by rolling or filing. This edge is usually used in applications that require a certain degree of accuracy but do not require very high accuracy, such as mechanical parts, electronic components, etc.
No. 6 edge: A square edge formed by rolling the natural edge of hot-rolled strip or longitudinally cut strip, suitable for situations where width tolerance and edge conditions are not so strict. This edge is usually used in applications that require a certain degree of accuracy but do not require very high accuracy, such as mechanical parts, automotive parts, etc.
Chamfered edge: A custom-shaped edge produced by mechanical chamfering using special tools. This edge is usually used in applications that require very high accuracy, such as aerospace, medical devices, etc.

FAQs:

1.What factors should be considered when choosing an edge type?

Accuracy requirements: If very high-precision edges are required, you should choose No. 1 edge or chamfered edge.
Width tolerance: If the width tolerance is not so strict, you can choose No. 4 edge or No. 6 edge.
Burr requirements: If you need to eliminate burrs, you can choose No. 5 edge or chamfered edge.
Application scenarios: Different application scenarios require different edge types, such as electronic components require high-precision edges, while building materials can use low-precision edges.

2.Differences between ASTM A109 and ASTM A108

ASTM A109 is a broader standard covering the technical requirements and test methods for cold-rolled steel strip and plate, while ASTM A108 is a more specific standard specifically addressing the requirements for size, shape, and surface quality of cold-rolled steel strip and plate.